Biography of Augusta Savage, Sculptor and Educator

Biography of Augusta Savage, Sculptor and Educator Augusta Savage, an African American sculptor, struggled to succeed as a sculptor despite barriers of race and sex. She is known for her sculptures of  W.E.B. DuBois,  Frederick Douglass,  Marcus Garvey; Gamin, and others. She is considered part of the  Harlem Renaissance arts and culture revival. Early Life Augusta Christine Fells Savage  lived from February 29, 1892, to March 26, 1962. She was born Augusta Fells in Green Cove Springs, Florida to Edward Fells and Cornelia (Murphy) Fells. She was the seventh of fourteen children. As a young child, she made figures out of clay, despite religious objections of her father, a Methodist minister. When she began school in West Palm Beach, a teacher responded to her clear talent by engaging her in teaching classes in clay modeling. At college, she earned money selling animal figures at a county fair. Marriages She married John T. Moore in 1907, and their daughter, Irene Connie Moore, was born the next year, shortly before John died.  She married James Savage in 1915, keeping his name even after their 1920s divorce and her remarriage to Robert L. Poston in 1923 (Poston died in 1924). Sculpting Career In 1919 she won an award for her booth at the county fair in Palm Beach. The fairs superintendent encouraged her to go to New York to study art, and she was able to enroll at Cooper Union, a college without tuition, in 1921. When she lost the caretaking job that covered her other expenses, the school sponsored her. A librarian found out about her financial problems, and arranged for her to sculpt a bust of African American leader, W.E.B. DuBois, for the 135th St. branch of the New York Public Library. Commissions continued, including one for a bust of Marcus Garvey. During the Harlem Renaissance, Augusta Savage enjoyed growing success, though a 1923 rejection for a summer of study in Paris because of her race inspired her to get involved in politics as well as art. In 1925, W.E.B. DuBois helped her get a scholarship to study in Italy, but she was unable to fund her additional expenses. Her piece Gamin brought attention, resulting in a scholarship from the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and this time she was able to raise money from other supporters, and in 1930 and 1931 she studied in Europe. Savage sculpted busts of Frederick Douglass, James Weldon Johnson, W. C. Handy, and others. Succeeding in spite of the Depression, Augusta Savage began to spend more time teaching than sculpting. She became the first director of the Harlem Community Art Center in 1937 and worked with the Works Progress Administration (WPA). She opened a gallery in 1939, and won a commission for the 1939 New York Worlds Fair, basing her sculptures on James Weldon Johnsons Lift Every Voice and Sing. The pieces were destroyed after the Fair, but some photos remain. Education Overview Florida State Normal School (now Florida A M University)Cooper Union (1921-24)with sculptor Hermon MacNeil, ParisAcademie de la Chaumiere, and with Charles Despiau, 1930-31 Retirement Augusta Savage retired to upstate New York and farm life in 1940, where she lived until shortly before her death when she moved back to New York to live with her daughter Irene.​

Svante Arrhenius - Father of Physical Chemistry

Svante Arrhenius - Father of Physical Chemistry Svante August Arrhenius  Ã‚  (February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927)   was a Nobel-Prize winning scientist from Sweden. His most significant contributions were in the field of chemistry, although he was originally a physicist. Arrhenius is one of the founders of the discipline of physical chemistry. He is known for the Arrhenius equation, the theory of ionic dissociation, and his definition of an Arrhenius acid. While he was not the first person to describe the greenhouse effect, he was the first to apply physical chemistry to predict the extent of global warming based on increased carbon dioxide emissions. In other words, Arrhenius used science to calculate the effect of human-caused activity on global warming. In honor of his contributions, there is a lunar crater named Arrhenius, the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University, and a mountain named Arrheniusfjellet at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Born: Feburary 19, 1859, Wik Castle, Sweden (also known as Vik or Wijk) Died: October 2, 1927 (age 68), Stockholm Sweden Nationality: Swedish Education: Royal Institute of Technology, Uppsala University, Stockholm University Doctoral Advisors: Per Teodor Cleve, Erik Edlund Doctoral Student: Oskar Benjamin Klein Awards: Davy Medal (1902), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1903), ForMemRS (1903), William Gibbs Award (1911), Franklin Medal (1920) Biography Arrhenius was the son of Svante Gustav Arrhenius and Carolina Christina Thunberg. His father was a land surveyor at Uppsala Unversity. Arrhenius taught himself to read at age three and became known as a math prodigy. He started at the Cathedral school in Uppsala in the fifth grade, although he was only eight years old. He graduated in 1876 and enrolled in the University of Uppsala to study physics, chemistry, and mathematics. In 1881, Arrhenius left Uppsala, where he was studying under Per Teodor Cleve, to study under the physicist Erik Edlund at the Physical Institute of the Swedish Academy of Science. Initially, Arrhenius helped Edlund with his work measuring the electromotive force in spark discharges, but he soon moved on to his own research. In 1884, Arrhenius presented his thesis  Recherches sur la conductibilità © galvanique des à ©lectrolytes  (Investigations on the galvanic conductivity of electrolytes), which concluded that electrolytes dissolved in water dissociate into positive and negative electrical charges. Further, he proposed chemical reactions occurred between opposite-charged ions. Most of the 56 theses proposed in Arrhenius dissertation remain accepted to this day. While the association between chemical activity and electrical behavior is understood now, the concept was not well-received by scientists at the time. Even so, the concepts in the dissertation earned Arrhenius the 190 3 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, making him the first Swedish Nobel laureate. In 1889 Arrhenius proposed the concept of an activation energy or energy barrier that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur. He formulated the Arrhenius equation, which relates activation energy of a chemical reaction to the rate at which it proceeds. Arrhenius became a lecturer at Stockholm University College (now called Stockholm University) in 1891, professor of physics in 1895 (with opposition), and rector in 1896. In 1896, Arrhenius applied physical chemistry calculate the temperature change on the Earths surface in response to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration. Initially an attempt to explain ice ages, his work led him to conclude human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, generated enough carbon dioxide to cause global warming. A form of Arrhenius formula to calculate the temperature change is still in use today for climate study, although the modern equation accounts for factors not included in Arrheniuss work. Svante married Sofia Rudbeck, a former pupil. They were married from 1894 to 1896 and had a son Olof Arrhenius. Arrhenius was married a second time, to Maria Johannson (1905 to 1927). They had two daughters and one son. In 1901 Arrhenius was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was officially a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics and a de facto member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. Arrhenius was known to have aided Nobel Prize awards for his friends and he attempted to deny them to his enemies. In later years, Arrhenius studied other disciplines, including physiology, geography, and astronomy. He published Immunochemistry in 1907, which discussed how to use physical chemistry to study toxins and antitoxins. He believed radiation pressure was responsible for comets, the aurora, and the Suns corona. He believed the theory of panspermia, in which life might have moved from planet to planet by the transport of spores. He proposed a universal language, which he based on English. In September of 1927, Arrhenius suffered from acute intestinal inflammation. He died on October 2 of that year and was buried in Uppsala.

Chavin cultural and ceramic influence on the Moche Essay

Chavin cultural and ceramic influence on the Moche - Essay Example In addition, the Chavin also engaged in metalworking as evident in the production of hammered gold items or ornaments. On the other hand, it is the elements derived from the Chavin civilization that influenced the Moche culture. The Moche are recognized for various art form which include sculpture and pottery, and their design provides a history of how the Moche civilization progressed in phases. Through the objects they incised on their pottery, it is evident that the Moche civilization was popular and their main aim was to amass power and wealth.1 Moche vessels appeared to be flat-bottomed, and their stirrup-spouted jars are a product of the Chavin prototypes. These pots were decorated using a bichrome slip; however; early vessels made by the Moche were molded to using the hands and not potter’s wheel that helped in fashioning later vessels to form two-piece molds. The Moche pottery later focused on refining their vessels; thus, narrowing the vessels and making them smaller compared to the Chavin vessels. Furthermore, the Moche ceramics were produced through molding and had standardized shapes in addition to their distinct decoration. There exists nine different shapes of Moche ceramics documented in literature and this includes vessels such as flared bowls and stirrup-spout bottles. It is through these vessels that artists illustrated complex paintings and figurative scenes. Moreover, Moche vessels are considered to represent an infinite and different variety of subjects, whereby among the identifiable zoomorphic figures involves reptiles, bats among other figures. Moche pottery is viewed as varied and mainly focuses on mold technology, which facilitates the production of various forms of ceramic vessels. In addition, Moche pottery is unique in terms of theme and the shape and most of their social activities have been documented in their pottery work. Moche ceramics which were produced at around 150-800AD illustrates the use of a limited palette; furt her, their coloration is viewed as simple, and the pottery they produce often appear to depict actual individuals.2 Stirrup- Spout Vessels were a common ceramic form during the Pre-Columbian period and these vessels were available in various designs or elegances; however; their shared characteristic was a handle or a spout. In essence, these vessels represented a window into the traditions that were practiced by the Pre-Columbian cultures. These vessels depicted various aspects of life such that of animals, plants whereby some of these animals represented deities or portraits symbolizing daily life events. The first produced vessels in Pre-Columbian period can be associated with the Chavin culture, and were later duplicated by other cultures that emerged after the Chavin demise. Vessels produced by the Chavin consisted of large chambers, a surface relief, a dark burnished color and a spout. Furthermore, Chavin vessels contained both aggressive and powerful images and they had decora tions that were crudely incised. These Stirrup- Spout vessels became more popular with the emergence of the Moche culture and they relied on various techniques to create vessels. On the same note, a common feature with the Moche ceramics involved the use of red colorings and cream. In addition, the incised objects depicted symbols that represented deities, animals and anthropomorphization of various figures undertaking different

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Project management - Essay Example The network diagram below illustrates the sequence of the Foundry project that is due to be completed within 25 weeks. This shows the sequence of different activities that will be undertaken. This constitutes project management that is commonly known as careful management of all the activities involved in a particular project (Burke, 2010). Project planning is also required in order to carry out all the activities and tasks successfully. This helps the people involved in the project to achieve the desired goals in undertaking the work. 2. The critical path in the project shows the longest sequence of events that should be completed on time in order to meet the project schedule with regards to its completion (Business Dictionary, 2015). Accordingly, each sequence that constitutes a critical path should be commenced after the completion of the predecessor. In some cases, these critical paths can be carried out simultaneously after the completion of the predecessor. In the diagram shown above, there are mainly three critical paths. The first one being pouring concrete and installing frame which ought to be carried out after implementing the first two components in the project. This path should take four weeks and effort should be made to ensure that it goes according to schedule in order to avoid delaying the project. The other important critical paths include building high temperature burner and installing air pollution device which take four and five weeks respectively. These activities should be completed within t he set time frame in order to ensure that the project is not delayed. Since these activities are long, they should be carried in such a way that everything goes according to schedule in order to avoid wasting resources. 3. The activity schedule of the project can be illustrated in the form of a table and it shows the different activities that would be performed in undertaking the project. This schedule shows the exact

Policy and Strategy for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Policy and Strategy for Business - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that Fiorina’s strategy of ‘my way or highway’ has also left the top leadership starkly deficient in senior executive positions. Surely she had fired a lot of people in key positions during her tenure. Robert P. Wayman, the interim-CEO, is not exactly in a position to make business critical decisions and time may be running out for HP. The company lacks the technological edge to compete with its US rivals like the Dell and the IBM, and the Chinese giant Lenovo, in the PC market. The software unit of HP is a non-performer that makes a measly contribution of $122 million to the company’s kitty. The initiative of HP to emerge as a significant player in the software business by acquisition of companies has also backfired. The fact the HP lost money in software, despite the bright results of the industry in general, is a vivid pointer to its slip shod handling of acquisitions. But the most serious threat that HP faces is to its Printe r market from its competitors like Dell. Though the profits of $ 22 from printing division in 2003 was the saving grace of the company, Dell has speeded eating into its pie of low end division of Inkjet printer. Despite the bleak picture, it is only the Printing division that is the proverbial silver lining of the cloud for HP. This paper outlines that tactically the company is moving in the right direction by strengthening it and spending more into its R & D. However, the company needs to make bold decisions to rebuild its investor confidence. The stocks of the company had plunged 8% in the market, which is enough to wake the Board up. And it is the Board alone that can save HP from its obvious dismantling. A few radical decisions, besides the more obvious one of the appointment of a full time chief, need to be made without any more wastage of time. HP needs to shed extra-baggage by disinvesting more the less profitable PC and software divisions and concentrate on printing. This way it will no longer have to defend itself on many fronts.

Looking At Internet Crimes Against Children Media Essay

Looking At Internet Crimes Against Children Media Essay The internet is a fundamental resource that provides adults and children with opportunities for learning, entertainment and communication. But how hard is it to use the internet? Any child that is old enough to find a letter on a keyboard can access the World Wide Web. New technologies provide number of ways to communicate, and youth of today have mastered those techniques. The world of computers and internet is constantly expanding and changing, and it is not unusual if a child might know more about some software or website than a parent. But, the truth is that a child does not know that one of these technologies might have a negative impact on his/her moral values and behavior. As great of a resource as internet is, sometimes it might be used for illegal activities such as sexual exploitation, harassment, and pornography. The sad thing is that the victims of these activities are mostly children. Thats why in this research paper, I am going to focus on internet crimes against children, measures that should be taken to prevent these crimes, and punishment for those who commit them. Pornography and Children as a Target First of all, how often are children exposed to sexually explicit material on the internet? Unfortunately, any child that has access to the internet may come in contact with sexually explicit material. They do not even have to know the name of the URL of the website to view pornography on the internet. Most of the youth today are familiar with search engines such as google and yahoo, and it is really simple to type in something that might contain sexually explicit words and get at least ten thousand results in return. The study of adolescents ages fourteen to seventeen has been done, and it shows that most of the children came to exposure to pornographic material accidentally or unintentionally. Sometimes they would get e-mails with links to unknown or unfamiliar websites, and out of curiosity they would click on the link, which brought them to a page that contained pornographic material. Some exposures to the pornographic material are intentional and are done mostly by teens in puberty with the purpose of pleasure. So how often do children view pornographic material on the internet? An online survey was carried out which included 500 students, and 72.8 percent reported that they viewed sexually explicit material on the internet before the age of eighteen. Most children that intentionally viewed pornography in on the web in the past are likely to do it again almost every time they get a chance. This happens when parents are not around, and it even happens in random places that have computers and access to the internet such as public schools and libraries. Impact of Online Pornographic Material on Children It influences the moral values and sexual attitudes of youth. It changes the way children think about sex. They start perceiving sex only as pleasure, not thinking about consequences that might arise such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Children that view pornography are more likely to become sexually active earlier that children that do not. One of the ethical issues that arises is questioning if pornography should exist on the web or not, since it obviously has a negative impact on youth. Well, in this case the three of workable ethical theories could be applied to analyze the problem, and decide if having pornographic material on the internet is fair. Lets look at Kantians 2ndFormulation of Categorical Imperative, which states that people should never treat other people as a means to an end. So when a new website is uploaded to the server, people are not forced to view that website. Since no one is forced to do so, it can be said that in this case people are not being used as a means to an end. But, here we are talking about children and youth as victims of being exposed to sexually explicit material on the Web. Well, thats up to the parents to take part and get familiar with activities that their children are doing online. We can also apply Utilitarianism to analyze the issue of pornography on the internet. First of all, we have to consider who benefits and who is being harmed by presence of pornographic material on the Web. Porn industry has great benefits from their websites being available to the people on the internet. For them, it is a way advertising their products and making money as well. There are also a lot of adults who benefit from it because they view it for their pleasure. Children and youth are being harmed by their actions because sexually explicit material influences their moral values and sexual attitudes. In this case its hard to tell if there are more people who benefit then people who are being harmed by presence of pornography on the Web. On the other hand, it is easy to tell that there are greater benefits on pornographic material being on the internet. Utilitarianism does not mean the good of the greatest number, therefore having pornography on the Web is fair. Now lets look at Social Contract Theory, and how it approaches having pornographic material on the internet. Most of the pornography pages now days have their policy listed for users before they can access the page. It has the terms of use, and users have a choice to exit if they have any obligations. At the bottom of any pornography page, there is a warning that urges users to exit the page if they are under the age of eighteen. So this is one of the ways for porn industry to guard themselves against any opposition and illegal activities. Having the warning label, they are following the US law, which gives them legal rights to upload their websites to the server. So according to the Social Contract theory, it is acceptable to have pornography containing material on the internet. Pornography on the internet is not the only issue that arises with easy accessibility to the World Wide Web. Whats more of an issue is that some people are using the Web for sexual exploitation. Online Sexual Exploitation Easy access to the internet has led to increased exposure of children to online sexual exploitation exposure of children to online predators. Most of the children that are victims of online sexual exploitation are under the age of seventeen. A year-long survey has been conducted in 2001, which analyzed 129 Internet-initiated sex crimes. It involved victims age seventeen or younger, and it found that 74 percent of those victims actually met with the predator. What is even more heartbreaking is that 93 percent of those occurred meetings involved sexual contact. Are girls and boys equally exposed to online sexual exploitation? It was assumed that girls are at higher risk and are more likely to fall victims to online sexual exploitation than boys. Well, this turned out to be true confirming that seventy-five percent of victims included in the survey from 2001 were girls. Online Predators Today there are more ways than ever to find a mate, but sometimes search for love can be devastating. When it comes to potential of meeting new mates, nothing compares to the internet. Most of the time, the danger of this modern way of dating can be ignored. There are also situations where people involved in online dating might be in it for love. Well, these people are known to our community as online predators. So where do online predators come from, and is it easy to tell who might be online predator by their physical appearance? Online predators come in different shapes and sizes, and have different expectations from their victims. Social status does not matter when it comes to determining who might a potential online predator. They come from all backgrounds, and are not easily detectable. They might seem like respectable members of the community, which of course can be deceiving to many of us. Who would ever come to thinking that an online predator might be a teacher, fireman, ph ysician, former military personnel or a successful businessman, but the cases of these have been reported. A reality television show To Catch a Predator was featured on NBC, and there was an episode where a high school teacher, caught on hidden cameras, showed up to a meeting, which he thought he arranged with an under aged girl. There was no under aged involved, instead police officer was posing as a thirteen year old. He was caught and trialed thanks to the effort of the police and enough evidence collected by hidden cameras. There was also one case were a former military officer was involved in online sexual exploitation. He was also caught and sentenced to serve time in jail. Most of the time when online predators get caught; they are publically humiliated and sentenced to prison time. The prison time depends on the severity of the case, and it ranges from two to twelve years. Some predators were just placed on probations because they did not make sexual contact with their victims, but did set up the meeting which they never showed up to. They were also ordered to pay a big fine. Bullying and Harassment on the Internet Communication technologies such as social-networking websites like MySpace and Facebook have led to rapid growth of teens harassing their peers. In 2005, a survey was conducted, and it has been found that almost thirty percent of youth have harassed their peers via the internet. Seventeen percent of those have harassed the others multiple number of times. The survey was also done with the purpose to show the incidence of children being bullied on cyberspace. It showed that thirty-two percent of 900 teens under the age of seventeen have been harassed when using MySpace, Facebook or instant messaging. What is heartbreaking is that cyber-bullying may lead to a tragic end sometimes. A 13 year old girl committed suicide after being cyber-bullied by her neighbor who pretended to be a teenage boy. It turned out that he was an adult, and of course he had to pay for his actions. Measures Parents are taking to prevent Their Children from Internet Crimes Although kids feel like they are aware of dangers of using the internet, in reality, they are naive when it comes to online communications. The following are measures that parents should take to prevent their children from becoming a victim. Parents need to become familiar with their childrens online activities. There is software that comes with Windows 7 and Windows Vista, or that can be downloaded for free such as Windows Live Family Safety Setting. Most of the social-networking sites have policies that require users to be thirteen years or older. If a child is not old enough to fulfill that requirement, parents should not let them use it. Some parents educate their kids about the dangers of online chatting, and set certain expectations from their children. Many parents are taking part in becoming familiar with who their kids talk to when they use chat rooms. They are also educating their children to stay in public areas of chat room since many chat rooms allow for one on one commu nication in chat rooms private area. Parents are also encouraged to keep their computers in most common areas of the house so that they can monitor their kids when theyre online. Since there are potential risks of email, many parents are setting up family emails, which their kids can use as well. This is one of the ways to protect their kids from being exposed to pornographic material contained in emails. They also urge their kids not to open any unknown emails reducing the risk of internet related crimes. Some also have passwords to their childrens social networking sites, which enables them to check the messages. There are options which allow parents to use parental controls, and other setting and preferences. Another way of monitoring that same parents use are is spy software. A Spybot by Brickhouse Security was advertised on CNN, which enables parents to monitor everything their children do on the internet. Its easy to install, undetectable, and the kids will never know its there. Internet Crimes against Children and Law Enforcement The expansion of the computers and internet has played a major role in sex crimes being committed against children and youth. The new communication technologies created new challenges for Law Enforcement to come up with new investigation techniques, and handle the crimes done on internet. The federal government has increased funding in the effort to prevent internet related crimes. They created Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force, which supports state and local law enforcement agencies in fight against internet crimes. Internet crimes are divided into three categories. Internet Crimes Against Identified Victims, which involves production of child pornography and other internet related crimes committed against identified victims. Then there Internet Crimes Against Unidentified Victims, which involves undercover law enforcement posing as minors in chat rooms. And the third category of internet crimes deals with offenders who are involved in possession, trade or distribution of Internet Child Pornography not using the internet to sexually exploit identified victims or solicit undercover investigators. Most of the arrests are made against offenders who commit crimes against identified victims. Sixty-seven percent of the arrests involved offenders who possessed child pornography. Eighty-three percent had images of children mostly ages 6 to 12, and 80 percent of those images showed sexual contact between minors and adults. Majority of offenders were non-Hispanic white males over 25 years of age. Eighty-five percent of arrests involved state, local or county law enforcement agencies, 46 percent had agencies operating on federal level. Moral Question Related to Online Predators and Law Enforcement Is it ok for Law Enforcement Agencies to set up traps in which online predators can fall into? According to all three workable ethical theories, it is ok for law enforcement to pose as minors in order to catch a predator. Minors are being used as a means to an end since predators introduce themselves as cute teenage boys. Minors do not benefit from these kinds of actions, and they get to live with the fact that they were sexually abused by an adult. On the other hand, predators get pleasure from these actions. So there is greater bad than good in it. Social Contract Theory approves actions of law enforcement because they are dealing with someone who shows up to the meeting ad forces a minor into something that they do not want to do. As we could see, Internet use has become widespread. Some use with the purpose of sexual exploitation of children and distribution of child pornography, while some use it to harass their peers. These kinds of activities have created concerns among parents, lawmakers, educators and law enforcement agencies. Parents have taken part in educating their children about dangers of internet crimes. Despite all these measures, internet crimes against children are still present, and law enforcement agencies are operating on local, state and federal levels to catch those committing these crimes, and preventing internet related crimes from happening as well.

Essay example --

Folkers 1 Amanda Folkers October 25, 2013 Mr. Spencer Economics 1 Period: 3 Price Floor, Price ceilings, and inflation Folkers 2 The Price floors, Price ceilings, and the inflation of the government funds are increasing. The definition of price floors, â€Å"are prices even just below the point to which it is illegal to buy or sell goods. They can’t go lower than 7.25/ hr or they are breaking a federal law, this is to protect the producer.† A price floor can be set below/ above the market equilibrium price. If the free market price is set higher than the equilibrium, the price floor has a small to no direct change. It ensures prices stay high so that product can continue to be made. If the free market price is lower than the price floor, then a surplus; Consumers find they must now pay a higher price for the same product, then they reduce their purchases or switch to a substitute good. Meanwhile, suppliers find they are guaranteed a new, and higher prices, and so they produce more. There are a number of strategies that the government uses for setting a price floor and dealing with its consequen ces. They can set an easily understood price floor, for the citizens. This price support sets a minimum price, however, here the government buys up any extra supply, or surplus. This is even more inefficient and costly for the government and society. Production quotas usually raise the price by limiting production by giving businesses the opportunity to reduce their production. In America, this technique is used mostly with agriculture. The government pays farmers to keep a portion of their fields production, this leads to a raise in prices. Like price supports, the policy would be more efficient and le... ...instance, when gold was used as currency, the government could collect gold coins, melt them down, mix them with other metals such as silver, copper or lead, and reissue them at the same nominal value. By diluting the gold with other metals, the government could issue more coins without also needing to increase the amount of gold used to make them. When the cost of each coin is lowered in this way, the government profits from an increase in seignior age. This practice would increase the money supply but at the same time the relative value of each coin would be lowered. As the relative value of the coins becomes lower, consumers would need to give more coins and money, in exchange for the same goods and services as before. These goods and services would experience a price increase as the value of each coin is reduced. Therefor causing too much money into the economy.

This briefing is in relation to the Inquiry into Skills Shortages in Rural and Regional NSW

This briefing is in relation to the Inquiry into Skills Shortages in Rural and Regional NSW. This paper will outline the problems around the methods used by training organisations including TAFE to assess skill needs in rural and regional NSW and their response. This paper will also look into what the causes of these problems are, who are the stakeholders and how are they affected and recommendations on solutions. BACKGROUND: The communities of rural and regional areas recognise that the supply of skilled tradespersons in their communities does not meet the current demand and that skill shortages are projected to increase. 2In the context of the Riverina Institute Griffith is a medium sized campus that has demonstrated significant and sustainable growth over the past five years. Over the past 6 years the campus has experienced a significant increase in facilities and a concomitant increase in full time and part time teaching staff. To address the growing demand for skilled and well trained staff in the region Griffith campus has consistently amended its course offerings and has, on many occasions, provided extra courses to meet unexpected demand particularly in the trade areas. This is a good example of how much tafe applicant numbers are increasing in rural areas however not all tafe facilities are able to have the funds to support these numbers such as the above example of Griffith campus. 1Futher research in relation to concerns of skills shortages has demonstrated there is a great need to increase the amount of trained tradespersons in the workforces. This also requires the improvement of retention rate during training to reduce occupational wastage as qualified tradespersons leave the industry. There is a fundamental need to ensure that their will be jobs available in the area of where the training took place. This is to prevent skilled trades people leaving rural areas for city life. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND CURRENT SITUATION: Individuals – Without a strong working force the economy of a rural community is bound to drop. More people will lose their jobs and families will have to move to find work. Regional Industries – Many regional industries are desperate to expand, but are being hampered by a lack of skilled labour. Councils – A current situation can be seen Wagga Wagga NSW. 3This area is seen as an agricultural powerhouse creating up to $6.5 billion per year. But the hearing has demonstrated that the region's future growth may be limited by a shortage of workers. Stakeholders in the Riverina believe that a lack of affordable housing and limited training opportunities are significant barriers to the recruitment of workers in rural areas. 3For example one of the country's largest chicken meat processors, Bartter Enterprises, already employs more than 1,000 people across the region. The company hopes to increase production from 420,000 to 750,000 birds per week. But their human resources manager John Davis says that depends on being able to source workers. The Riverina wine industry has also experienced significant growth, along with it, an increased demand for workers. 3For example, 10 years ago Casella Wines employed 14 people; today however they have a workforce of 500. Paul Foley is the human resources manager for another of the region's major wineries, De Bortoli Wines. 3He says the winery will employ an extra 80 people for four months during vintage, but recruitment of those workers is a major problem. While the skill shortage is already starting to bite, Leeton Shire Council is looking to the future. General manager of Leeton Shire Council Ray Pluis says local training opportunities are important for retaining young people in regional centers. This is the third public hearing held as part of this New South Wales parliamentary inquiry. The inquiry's chairman, Labor MLC Tony Catanzeriti, is playing down suggestions the withdrawal of state government services is partly to blame for the difficulties in attracting skilled workers to regional areas. CAUSES: Research of submissions and hearings indicates many causes to skills shortages in rural areas. 4For example Peter Louis & Co submission highlights that withdrawal and reduction of services provided by government agencies and public corporations such as medical services, banking facilities and post offices has impacted on rural communities with people forced to relocate. This is a valid argument as people will would to live in areas that have necessities such as medical centers and post offices easily available. Not only will people leave an area to get closer to these facilities but also people will not even bother moving to a rural area if it is lacking of such facilities. This also states that the campus of tafe in Illawarra confirmed that whilst TAFE provided many course not all of them were specific to the area. 4Also the tafe kept no record of students who completed and whether they stayed or left the area. This causes the problem of not allowing statistics to be examined to get an accurate understanding of the educational needs in rural areas. This also is an extremely good point and the basis of a strange argument. How can the tafe possibly know to what extent its passing students are having on the rural community if they keep no record of what the students achieve after accomplishing their education? 5Mr Bill Archer in his submission highlights two major causes of unskilled workers in rural areas. The first major cause is the distance that an apprentice in the rural areas would have to travel to receive an education. The further the distance the more it will cost the apprentice to travel so therefore becomes another incentive to not bother receiving an education. 7Transport has got to be one of the most major causes of skills shortages in rural areas the requirement for apprentices to travel such large distances to get to college is a major problem. Many rural areas have a very limited access to frequent public transport. Also transport subsidies are not available to young people if the vehicle they have access to is not in their name and even if they are entitled to it, the amount is pitifully inadequate. Public transport is a very important requirement as there are many dangers of country driving for young inexperienced drivers with early starts, late finishes and long distances. 7These present very real Occupational Health and Safety risks. 5The second major cause is that once an apprentice receives the education they need they are then able to move to the city were they can make more money doing their job. This is a major incentive for skilled workers to leave the rural areas and therefore leaving many jobs in rural areas left open with nobody with the skills to work them. This effects many stakeholders. The owner of the business who had spent the last few years training the apprentice must now start the cycle again. The community also suffers as there is one less person providing a service. That is why the government must find efficient ways of keeping skilled workers in rural areas as they are fundamental to the survival of the community. Tafe teachers however in their submission do not believe that these are the major causes of skill shortages in rural areas. 7Their members point out that there are large shortages in areas where pay and conditions are poorest, eg a lot of qualified mechanics aren't working in their trade areas, because they can earn more money driving a truck. It is therefore not just a matter of addressing skills shortages but also pay conditions and how vocations are perceived by the public. The issue of public perception of skilled trades people has not been addressed successfully by governments. RECOMMENDATION: Set forth are a number of recommendations as to the problems Councils in regional areas should encourage â€Å"stay local and contract local businesses.† The government should provide funding to provide a Rural Work Income Insurance policy to assist tradesmen in situations that they cannot work as are establishing a new business. Encourage major employers to establish 12 month contracts, particularly in rural areas. This will help to increase not only employment but also the economy of the community. Contracts will keep people in the area and as the business grows more jobs become available. Which leads to people moving to the area specifically for work. Encourage training organizations like the Charles Sturt University and Tafe's to develop seminars and spend time to educate businesses within rural areas to adopt new business practices, Governments should make sure that rural areas have all the facilities required to encourage population growth in that area. Facilities such as medical centers, post offices and schools, should be located in all rural towns. Government should place more funding into Traineeships. 1Traineeships are ideal for employers who have a specific need for one Trainee in a given area. Traineeships can be offered/conducted in a variety of ways with the main option taken by employers being an ‘On the Job† Traineeship. By providing Funding to Tafe institutions and providing employer incentives to business's that provide traineeships to unskilled workers will be a major step in reducing the current problem of unskilled workers. 6Another recommendation would be the implementation of more courses done through distance correspondence. This allows students in rural areas to do courses from home. Thus distance would no longer be a barrier in the prevention of education for skilled workers. However for the on the job training the Government should allocate funds to areas in desperate need to provide frequent transport to further encourage people to do studies.

Circadian Rhythms Essay Essays

Circadian Rhythms Essay Essays Circadian Rhythms Essay Essay Circadian Rhythms Essay Essay 1. Describe how circadian beat are associated with sleep want. 2. Explain the consequences of the sleep want appraisal. 3. Make you hold. or disagree. with the consequences. Why. or why non? 4. If you are sleep deprived. what stairss could you take to acquire more or better quality of slumber? Alternatively. if you are non sleep deprived. what techniques allow you to acquire choice slumber most darks of the hebdomad? Circadian beat: Their function and disfunction in affectional upset Press conference on the juncture of the 23rd ECNP Congress 2010. Amsterdam All worlds are synchronised to the rhythmic light-dark alterations that occur on a day-to-day footing. Rhythms in physiological and biochemical procedures and behavioral forms persist in the absence of all external 24-hour signals from the physical environment. with a period that is near to 24 hours. These beats are referred to as ?circadian? . from the Latin ?circa diem? ( ?about a day? ) . and are attributable to internal biological redstem storksbills. driven by a major circadian pacesetter in the encephalon. The circadian pacesetter is entrained each twenty-four hours to the 24-hour solar rhythm. which is the major ?zeitgeber? ( literally time-giver ) . Other zeitgebers are nutrient consumption. activity. or societal cues. e. g. the dismay clock. Good temporal entrainment allows for optimum public presentation at the right clip of the twen ty-four hours. because being able to expect future undertakings allows the appropriate physiological and psychological readying. However. our modern society frequently imposes divergences from the regular work-rest-scheme. as in displacement work. which consequences in jobs with entrainment. Failure to accommodate to environmental and social clip cues leads to misalignment of internal biological redstem storksbills. This ?dysentrainment? comes with enhanced hazard of mistakes and accidents. loss of productiveness. and wellness hazards such as increased leaning for malignant neoplastic disease. depression. sleep perturbations. GI. metabolic and cardiovascular upsets. decreased immune responses and even life span. Hence. people with circadian beat break caused by displacement work frequently develop glucose intolerance. diabetes and high blood pressure. and possibly malignant neoplastic disease. The recent find of the nucleus molecular circadian clock machinery has dramatically increased involvement in the impact of circadian dysregulation on mental and physical wellness. Molecular footing of circadian beat Circadian beat are directed by a maestro biological clock in a specific encephalon construction of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic karyon ( SCN ) . Apart from the SCN. the organic structure has circadian oscillators in all encephalon parts and peripheral tissues. for illustration the liver ( Schulz A ; Steimer. 2009. Bechtold et Al. . 2010 ) . The SCN is synchronised daily by environmental signals – chiefly light ( Wirz-Justice. 2006 ) . Receiving information on illuming conditions straight from the retina. the SCN drives secernment of the pineal secretory organ endocrine melatonin every bit good as and many peripheral redstem storksbills. and their end products modulate the SCN through feedback or feed-forward effects. Therefore. in the organic structure there is a hierarchy of interacting redstem storksbills ( Schulz. 2007 ) . In all cells. the look of many cistrons alterations rhythmically over 24 hours. Specific circadian cistrons such as CLOCK. BMAL1. and PER are responsible for the chief SCN clockworking machinery every bit good as subordinate redstem storksbills in other parts of the organic structure. In mice with mutants in time-keeping cistrons. aberrant circadian sleep-wake and other beat can be observed. In add-on. new involvement in the function of circadian dysregulation in psychiatric upsets has arisen from the determination that a mutant in a nucleus circadian clock cistron induces hyperactivity. reduced slumber. and mania-like behavior in mice ( Turek. 2008 ) . Animal surveies were the cardinal development that brought the field to its present exciting place. because their findings suggested that ?clock genes? are directing the circadian beat in all physiological procedures. Circadian perturbations: clinical impact on affectional upsets In healthy persons. physiological and biochemical variables such as organic structure temperature. hydrocortisone and melatonin. thyroid exciting endocrine ( TSH ) . norepinephrine and serotonin exhibit a circadian beat. However. in patients with affectional upsets. many of these circadian beat are disturbed in stage and amplitude ( Schulz A ; Steimer. 2009 ; McClung. 2007 ) . For case. adult females with depression have a greater grade of variableness in the timing of physiological and endocrinal beat. Dysregulation of circadian beat and sleep perturbations are besides core elements of bipolar upset. and might be involved in its pathogenesis ( Dallaspezia A ; Benedetti. 2009 ) . Clinicians have learned th e tremendous importance of synchronizing agents ( ?zeitgebers? ) to entrain beat in patients with temper upsets. and how utile they are as fresh interventions ( e. g. visible radiation. melatonin ) . With respect to major depressive upset. about all patients present with sleep perturbations and altered circadian beat including hormonal secernment. cardiac map. and body temperature. Sleep break is a major symptom in depression. with over 90 % of patients demoing sleep ailments that affect daytime operation ( Thase. 1999 ) . Insomnia frequently appears before the oncoming of temper upset symptoms and may prevail into clinical remittal: sleep perturbations are known to be a frequent residuary symptom of depression. and the presence of insomnia Markss an increased hazard of backsliding or return. Sleep troubles frequently are the cardinal factor that causes down patients to seek medical aid. and alleviation of sleep perturbations is of import to promote conformity with antidepressant medicine. Associated with chronic depression. sleep perturbation can hold every bit great an impact on health-related quality of life as the mental unwellness itself ( Katz A ; McHorney. 2002 ) . It is good known that alterations in clinical province are accompanied by displacements in timing of the sleep-wake rhythm. The switch out of depression is frequently associated with a self-g enerated sleep want. Conversely. a prescribed sleep want can quickly demo antidepressive activity. Even more strikingly. a stage progress of sleep timing can bring on longer-lasting antidepressant effects. proposing an intimate functional relationship between slumber. its timing. and the depressive province. In healthy persons and in patients with affectional upsets. there is a close nexus between circadian beat. the stableness of temper. and sleep ordinance. How to reset the human biological clock in affectional upsets In clinical pattern. sleep perturbations in depression by and large can be improved with effectual antidepressant medicine. However. normally used modern antidepressants may be sleep-disturbing. peculiarly early in intervention. frequently to the extent that a ataractic or hypnotic compound has to be prescribed concomitantly ( Mayers A ; Baldwin. 2005 ) . The hunt for fresh antidepressants has focused chiefly on drug development. with the function of psychotherapeutics and cognitive behavioral therapy to assist depressive patients being good accepted. Surprisingly though. clinical application of chronobiological research. so called chronotherapeutics. appears non to suit into any conventional class. and is largely neglected as putative intervention. Chronotherapeutics Chronotherapeutics is defined as controlled exposure to environmental stimulations that act on biological beat ( e. g. visible radiation ) or direct uses of slumber in order to accomplish curative effects in the intervention of psychiatric upsets. One major purpose of chronotherapeutics is to synchronize impaired circadian beat. Today the scope of chronotherapeutic indicants non merely comprises affectional upsets such as major depression ( seasonal and non-seasonal ) . bipolar upset. and premenstrual dysphoric upset and depression during gestation. but besides bulimia nervosa. attention-deficit/hyperactivity upset ( ADHD ) . dementedness. Parkinson?s disease. and shift work and jet-lag perturbations ( Wirz-Justice et al. . 2009 ) . Chronotherapeutic elements include light therapy. dark therapy or blue-blocking dark glassess. aftermath therapy ( entire or partial sleep want in the 2nd half of the dark ) . stage progress of the sleep-wake rhythm. and exogenously administered melatonin . Light therapy as a zeitgeber has been used to resynchronise disturbed sleep agendas back to a more normal form. Light is besides an effectual antidepressant. moving on many of the same neurotransmitter systems and encephalon constructions as antidepressant drugs. What is intriguing approximately light therapy is that it is the first intervention in psychopathology that developed straight out of basic neurobiology research related to seasonal hibernation and reproduction in gnawers. Light therapy is effectual for all groups of major depression – non merely for the seasonal subtype ( SAD ) . for which it is good recognized as the intervention of pick. As an adjuvant to antidepressants in unipolar depressive patients. or Li in bipolar patients. forenoon light hastens and potentiates the antidepressant response. Light therapy shows profit even for patients with chronic depression of 2 old ages or more. and provides a feasible option for patients who refuse. resist or can non digest medicine. or for whom drugs may be contraindicated. as in antepartum depression ( Wirz-Justice et al. . 2005 ) . In add-on. light therapy has been successfully used in other psychiatric or neurological unwellnesss. including binge-eating syndrome nervosa and Alzheimer?s disease. Dark therapy has yielded positive consequences to command symptoms in acute passion and to quiet `rapid-cycling? bipolar patients in the frenzied stage – a group with one of the highest suicide rate s among the mentally ill. By maintaining patients in the dark and widening rest-sleep for periods of 10 to 14 hours. the passion episode could be ended. Dark therapy is theoretically interesting for its rapid effects. but is non really practical. One option at present being investigated is the usage of blue-blocking dark glassess. Blue is the wavelength to which the circadian system is peculiarly sensitive. therefore by barricading this scope in the light spectrum we can bring on â€Å"circadian darkness† while non impairing the patient’s vision. Melatonin is a endocrine secreted by the pineal secretory organ merely at dark. and is suppressed by visible radiation. Cued by darkness. melatonin is particularly of import for the oncoming of slumber. but is besides involved in many other systems – cardiovascular. immune. hormone. and metabolic. If beats are out of sync. as in depression. so melatonin beat besides occur at the incorrect clip therefore stressing the sleep perturbation. Exogenously administered. melatonin Acts of the Apostless as a zeitgeber to synchronize circadian beat. In add-on. its thermoregulatory action is of import to bring on a rapid oncoming of slumber. though it is non a ataractic agent per Se. Wake therapy ( a individual night’s sleep want ) is the most rapid antidepressant available today: about 60 % of patients. independent of diagnostic subtype. respond with pronounced betterment within hours. A individual night’s sleep want induces similar encephalon alterations as many hebdomads of antidepressant drugs ( Benedetti and Smeraldi. 2009 ) . Backsliding after recovery slumber can be prevented by day-to-day light therapy. attendant disposal of antidepressants ( SSRIs ) . Li ( for bipolar patients ) . or a short stage progress of slumber over 3 yearss. Combinations of these intercessions show great promise ( Wirz-Justice et al. . 2005. 2009 ) . Despite the turning grounds for the efficaciousness of the available chronotherapeutic methods. it is surprising how limited the usage of these interventions still is. Given the rapid action of chronotherapeutics. deficiency of side effects. and easy combination possibilities. how can kip doctors and head-shrinkers be educated about their usage? Possibly it is the patients that need to be educated. who are much more interested in non-pharmaceutic attacks? Obviously. interventions that are non patentable do non do net incomes for i ndustry. therefore denying the commercial selling theoretical account used for drugs. Because they do non travel through official clinical test enrollment at federal regulative bureaus. chronotherapeutic interventions are non on the list for insurance reimbursement. On history of their simpleness. chronotherapeutics contrast with hi-tech medical specialty. and for this ground are frequently non taken earnestly. Clinical deductions In clinical pattern there is still instead widespread ignorance about circadian slumber perturbations and chronotherapeutics in malice of the important grounds base. How can wider airing of chronotherapeutics be achieved? First. enterprising physicians should seek them out. Merely with first-hand experience does the world of efficaciousness and response emerge. Second. the techniques should be taught in medical school and during residence – since it is the younger coevals that is most unfastened to alter and utilize of cogent options to medicine. The non-profit-making. multilingual patients’ web site World Wide Web. cet. org and clinicians’ web site World Wide Web. chronotherapeutics. org of the Center for Environmental Therapeutics ( CET ) illustrate some first efforts to run into this Phase 3 educational challenge. Third. through its societies. the field of chronotherapeutics demands to recommend acknowledgment for reimbursement. In the intervention of affectio nal upsets. chronotherapeutics offer a new synthesis of non-pharmacologic intercessions designed to speed up remittal in patients with depression and bipolar upset. Uniting chronotherapeutics with accompaniment or follow-up medicine shows great promise. Given the pressing demand for new schemes to handle patients with residuary depressive symptoms. clinical tests of aftermath therapy and/or accessory light therapy. coupled with follow-up surveies of long-run return. are of high precedence. Decision Circadian disfunction can hold drastic effects on encephalon maps. Increasing grounds suggests that disrupted temporal administration impairs behavior. knowledge. and affect ( Benca et al. . 2009 ) . Break of circadian clock cistrons impairs sleep-wake rhythm and behavioral beat. which may be implicated in mental upsets. Several different psychiatric upsets. including depression. bipolar upset. seasonal affectional upset ( SAD ) . schizophrenic disorder. and borderline-related upsets are normally associated with abnormalcies in circadian beat. In peculiar. biological redstem storksbills play a major function in the pathophysiology of affectional upsets. Synchronizing impaired circadian beat. bettering sleep. or paradoxically remaining awake most of the dark can be highly helpful to handle patients with depression and bipolar upset. Chronotherapeutic combinations of visible radiation and aftermath therapy achieve fast consequences and. by cut downing residuary symptoms. besides minimise backsliding over many months. In add-on. chronotherapeutics seem to be a major facilitator of drug response. and. in combination with antidepressants. a promising method to brace patients over the long term. Research workers are working on widening our cognition refering pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical ways to change circadian beat. Recent finds of molecular redstem storksbills responsible for the coevals of circadian beat provide fresh penetrations into temporal break. offering new curative avenues for the intervention of affectional upsets. Sleep Drive and Your Body Clock * Sleep SubjectsMost people notice that they of course experience different degrees of drowsiness and watchfulness throughout the twenty-four hours. but what causes these forms? Sleep is regulated by two organic structure systems: sleep/wake homeostasis and the circadian biological clock. When we have been awake for a long period of clip. sleep/wake homeostasis Tells us that a demand for slumber is roll uping and that it is clip to kip. It besides helps us keep adequate slumber throughout the dark to do up for the hours of being awake. If this renewing procedure existed entirely. it would intend that we would be most watchful as our twenty-four hours was get downing out. and that the longer we were awake. the more we would experience like kiping. In this manner. sleep/wake homeostasis creates a thrust that balances slumber and wakefulness. Our internal circadian biological redstem storksbills. on the other manus. modulate the timing of periods of drowsiness and wakefulness throughout the twenty-four hours. The circadian beat dips and rises at different times of the twenty-four hours. so adults’ strongest sleep thrust by and large occurs between 2:00-4:00 am and in the afternoon between 1:00-3:00 autopsy. although there is some fluctuation depending on whether you are a â€Å"morning person† or â€Å"evening individual. † The drowsiness we experience during these circadian dips will be less intense if we have had sufficient slumber. and more intense when we are sleep deprived. The circadian beat besides causes us to experience more qui vive at certain points of the twenty-four hours. even if we have been awake for hours and our sleep/wake renewing procedure would otherwise do us experience more sleepy. Changes to this circadian beat occur during adolescence. when most teens experience a sleep stage hold. This displacement in teens’ circadian beat causes them to of course experience alert subsequently at dark. doing it hard for them to fall asleep before 11:00 autopsy. Since most teens wake up early for school and other committednesss. this sleep stage hold can do it hard to acquire the slumber teens need - an norm of 9 1/4 hours. but at least 8 1/2 hours. This sleep want can act upon the circadian beat ; for teens the strongest circadian â€Å"dips† tend to happen between 3:00-7:00 am a nd 2:00-5:00 autopsy. but the forenoon dip ( 3:00-7:00 am ) can be even longer if teens haven’t had adequate slumber. and can even last until 9:00 or 10:00 am. The circadian biological clock is controlled by a portion of the encephalon called the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ( SCN ) . a group of cells in the hypothalamus that respond to visible radiation and dark signals. From the ocular nervus of the oculus. light travels to the SCN. signaling the internal clock that it is clip to be awake. The SCN signals to other parts of the encephalon that control endocrines. organic structure temperature and other maps that play a function in doing us experience sleepy or awake. In the forenoons. with exposure to visible radiation. the SCN sends signals to raise organic structure temperature and bring forth endocrines like hydrocortisone. The SCN besides responds to light by detaining the release of other endocrines like melatonin. which is associated with sleep oncoming and is produced when the eyes signal to the SCN that it is dark. Melatonin degrees rise in the eventide and stay elevated throughout the dark. advancing slumber. In adolescents. research h as shown that melatonin degrees in the blood of course lift subsequently at dark than in most kids and grownups. Since teens may hold trouble traveling to bed early to acquire adequate slumber. it can assist to maintain the visible radiations dim at dark as bedtime attacks. It can besides assist to acquire into bright visible radiation every bit shortly as possible in the forenoon. Circadian breaks such as jet slowdown put us in struggle with our natural slumber forms. since the displacement in clip and light cues on the encephalon forces the organic structure to change its normal form to set. This is why coal-black slowdown can go forth travellers experiencing ill and holding more trouble thought and executing good. But these symptoms can besides happen in mundane life. when the circadian beat is disrupted by maintaining long and irregular hours. Because of this. it is of import to maintain a regular slumber agenda and allow plentifulness of clip for quality slumber. leting these two critical biological constituents - the sleep/wake renewing procedure and the circadian beat - to assist us ex ecute at our best. Mentions Circadian beat: Their function and disfunction in affectional upset. ( 10.April 30 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eurekalert. org/pub_releases/2010-08/econ-crt082610. php # Sleep Drive and Your Body Clock | National Sleep Foundation – Information on Sleep Health and Safety. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sleepfoundation. org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock Good sleeping wonts begin with a regular bedtime modus operandi. If you thought that was merely for childs. it’s clip to reconsider the importance of pre-sleep rites in your life. A restful bedtime modus operandi helps to fix your encephalon and organic structure for bed and promotes reposeful slumber. | If you try to leap directly from the twirling ideas and frenetic activity of your mundane life into a deep slumber. opportunities are you’ll be unsuccessful. That’s because your head and organic structure aren’t controlled by tossing a switch to the ‘off’ place in that manner. However. set uping a soothing bedtime modus operandi as an built-in portion of your kiping wonts sets the phase for a good darks sleep. Worlds are animals of wont and our natural organic structure beats crave consistence. So. when you’re be aftering your bedtime modus operandi. maintain things merely and easy because your ritual demands to be something you can make every individual dark. If you make it excessively drawn-out or intricate you’re puting yourself up for failure. Your pre-sleep behaviours should be comforting and loosen uping. The purpose is to give yourself the clip and infinite to weave down from the emphasiss of the twenty-four hours and make a calm ing province of relaxation to do it easier to fall asleep. If your kiping wonts include some of the followers. you’ll be good on your manner to set uping an effectual bedtime modus operandi. Take a warm bath A bead in organic structure temperature helps to trip the demand for slumber so a warm bath ( or a soak in the hot-tub ) may assist you fall asleep faster. You can heighten this consequence by utilizing aromatherapy merchandises ( bath oils. scented tapers and so on ) with quieting belongingss. Practice Relaxation Techniques Today’s fast-paced universe tends to do us strain and irritable. which can truly interfere with your ability to kip good. Spending some clip on loosen uping activities ( take a breathing exercisings. yoga. massage. speculation. or entle stretches ) before bed can take down anxiousness degrees and quiet your organic structure andhead. | Have a Bedtime BiteA bowl of nachos or that last piece of pizza decidedly shouldn’t have a topographic point in your bedtime modus operandi. But. certain nutrients and drinks can hold a positive consequence on your slumber. Some nutrients contain an amino-acid called tryptophan that can do you experience sleepy. Remember that glass of warm milk your ma used to press you to imbibe? She knew what she was making because milk contains tryptophan. In add-on to milk. many dairy merchandises such cheese and yoghurt contain this chemical. as do soy merchandises. domestic fowl. whole-grains and many seeds/nuts. So. a glass of milk and a smattering of wholewheat crackers could be a good add-on to your kiping wonts. Many herbal teas can hold a relaxing and quieting consequence. every bit good. Avoid Sleep-Destroying Activities A ; Foods Any activity that stimulates your encephalon or organic structure ( with the noticeable exclusion of love-making ) can undermine your bedtime modus operandi. Stay off from horror films. work electronic mail. strenuous exercising. caffeine. intoxicant. baccy. and spicy nutrients. Besides. watch out for unexpected side effects of prescription drugs. nonprescription medicines and natural redresss that you may take for other conditions. Changing your kiping wonts and set uping a bedtime modus operandi that encourages deep. reposeful sleep takes clip and finding – but the wagess are good worth the attempt.

Need for Effective Networking for Consultants

Need for Effective Networking for Consultants There is no guarantee that someone who networks will be successful in business. In fact, ninety-five percent of networking activities do not translate to any tangible benefits. However, people that succeed in business participate in networking events. The point here is that doing it does not guarantee it will work, but success relies on it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Need for Effective Networking for Consultants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People who benefit from networking understand that networking is a lot more than just meeting people. They know that it takes effort and initiative to turn the networking event into a good use of time. The basic philosophy behind successful networking is that the events provide an individual with the opportunity to meet people with whom they can have mutual benefit. Effective networking is an essential skill for all consultants. The nature of consulting is such that prior contact adds to the odds of someone agreeing to hire a person. It is imperative to develop strong networking skills to succeed in business. Effective Networking Techniques A consultant has several options to choose from when it comes to the choice of networking techniques. The traditional models stressed on the need for carrying business cards to networking events. It is the easiest way of giving a new contact a way to make contact, but it is in itself not sufficient for effective results. There is the increasing use of blogs and websites as a means of interacting with potential clients. What blogs provide is the opportunity to come off as an expert in a field. This is the dream of every consultant hence the need to have some online presence. Many consultants also use social medial platforms such as tweeter and face book to meet new people. A time-tested method of successful networking is using the same methods that social coaches advocate for like maintaining eye contact when talk ing to someone, listening more than talking, and generally taking genuine interest other people. This makes a person appear sincere and friendly, one that you would want to do business with someday. One of the key things to remember is that the first meeting is never a sales meeting. As soon as people realize that you are trying to sell to them on the first meeting in an environment not meant for it, they do not leave with a good impression. In networking events, the point is to make positive contact, which may or may not lead to a direct business deal.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Networking Plan among Clients The first thing that the consultancy will do is to seek to establish itself as an expert status organization. This is the lifeline of all consultancies. The best way available for the company to do this is by opening and maintaining a blog, website, or bu lletin and using it to address general queries about the issues in its area of business. The quality of the posts determines the apparent success in creating the expert status impression. In networking events, it helps to draw out the people who show interest in the services of the company, or who seem to need the services without realizing it. This requires tact because one can easily come off as a show-off. The best way to do this is to talk about actual cases settled by the company and the results that came about. The third way that the company will ensure it makes the most out of its networking opportunities is by making the events memorable for the people that attend them. There are very many options available for this. They include issuing specials cards either as contact cards or as simply cards with memorable messages on them. If the cards stand out enough, then the person will always remember the meeting, which is the whole point of networking. Networking Plan among Peers I t is somewhat easier to network among peers because of the existing history. However, there is a chance that they will not be as easy to do business with because of the personal relationship shared in these situations. The line between professional and social engagements is simply too blurred. In order to network effectively with peers, it is imperative to maintain a professional demeanor at all times. Avoid giving unnecessary favors to your friends because those favors do not count as much towards business objectives. The next way to make the most out of networking opportunities is to practice reciprocity. Take time to refer clients to businesses near you and chances are they will refer the business to others clients. The truth is that there will be some unpleasant moments during networking. The main thing is that the expert should learn to let the unpleasant experiences go away. The final thing to bear in mind during networking events is that personal relationships, especially tho se that are intimate in nature ought to be with people we have known for a while and not new acquaintances. It is also important for clients to see that the consultant is not an excessive drinker. Personal life can have a big impact on networking capacity. Reference List Davis, I. M. (2005). The American Entrepreneur in Asia: A Personal Journey of Global Proportions. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Need for Effective Networking for Consultants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mongay, J. (2011). Business and Investments in Asia. Madrid: ESIC Editorial.

Obseity, a 21st century epidemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Obseity, a 21st century epidemic - Essay Example vations and recommendations of the Health People 2010, the people of the developed countries in particular the United States have been victimized by two coherent concerns, i.e. the declination of the physical activities, and the record increase in the overweight. The World Health Organization has concluded that physical activity and overweight are the number one and two health indicators (NEHA, 2001). A phenomenal increase in the epidemic has been recorded, the survey conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth concluded that the all racial groups experienced increasing rates of obesity. According to the survey, the participation of the African American and half Caucasian into the physical activity has declined rapidly, and around hundred percent and fifty six percent declination has been observed respectively. The obesity has been responsible for the adolescents grapple with autonomy, issues of self-control, readiness to change, and their relationships with parents and ot her authority figures. The obesity is also a cause for the interference of the process of understanding identity which incorporates self-esteem and self-concept i.e. considered to be a major developmental issue in adolescence. Obesity has been dominant among the adolescent, and such developed characteristics has been inherited by the off spring respectively. The lack of physical activity is the primary factor which has to be undertaken by current generation, and such factor needs to be discarded to avoid obesity. Obesity is not primarily caused by prolong and excessive eating, rather the lack of physical activities also cause obesity. The epidemic has to be resolved through comprehensive, community-based approach, the epidemic has been integrated with the other social issues, and an understanding has been formulated in accordance to which it is civic engagement, physical health, vocational readiness and success, educational attainment, and social and emotional health (NEHA, 2001) ar e

The Effects of Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment Essay

The Effects of Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example This has served many companies in producing cheaper goods by taking use of the low cost of labor and machineries involved, from different countries. The other side of globalization that is also prominent is the decline in product quality, by outsourcing cheaper equipments and low cost of the unskilled labor (Pragmatic Outsourcing, 2012). Employing the trend of globalization has increased significantly in the industrial sector of the European countries. The increase in population and global competition has narrowed the profit margin of many industries and has ignited the need of producing more volume of products, to beat other competitors (Isidro, 2011). Hence, many European industries utilize the cheap labor, fuel and low government taxes of under developed nations to produce bulk quantity of their products within the limited budget for it. A flashback of the European industries would lead to the fact that globalization started from the textile industry in the early 20th century and then it was adopted in electronics, furniture and books publishing sectors (Blass, 2005). With the change in policy by Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) of trade tariffs and eradicating the concentration rule in Europe, monopolization in industrial sectors was broken to a great extent. It allowed several new companies to enter into the corporate market and intensify the business competition (Blass, 2005). In this respect, the Italian footwear industry is considered to have gone through considerable changes in its managerial and production strategies, by implying globalization in its system. Historical trade data of Italy suggest that its footwear sector that has a prominent contribution in its overall GDP and has a high impact on the international footwear market (Milan, 2010). However, present market position and sales figures present a different scenario of prominence of the Italy’s footwear industry. Pressure of the international market and emerging entrants has forced Italy’s footwear industry to delocalize their resources, which has resulted in losing their distinct image. The vertical integration methodology of these industries was replaced with a global supply chain network, which resulted in less flexibility and control over the finished product. This paper aims to provide hypotheses of the effect of globalization on Italian footwear, based on the understanding and evaluation of sales figures and current standing in national and international market. The will use the academic and theoretical data to compare other footwear industries with the Italian, to justify the hypothesis presented (Larch, 2005). Theoretical Overview The pattern followed in the Italian footwear industry involves foreign direct investment in the production cycle. Since, Italy footwear sector is largely delocalized several of its resources are involved in production and designing is being outsourced (Amighini & Rabellotti, 2003). This brings the ownership of foreign investors in different production units carried out in other countries. One essential thing to consider is the formation of several business groups, which is the result of market fragmentation. Such business groups act as the middle man between the actual producer and the company been outsourced. Therefore, there are